St. Nicholas intervenes

At one time, some rich men had given money to the Governor of Myra, hoping to get him to imprison three innocent men and then put them to death. When Nicholas heard about this he hurried to the place of execution. The jailer already had his sword in his hand and was about to kill the first man.

 

Nicholas stepped forward and told him to put his sword away. He then raised the condemned men to their feet and told the jailer to release them. Nicholas was very angry. He went to the Governor and said: “How dare you do such a wicked thing! Surely God will punish you.” The Governor fell to his knees and asked forgiveness. Seeing that he was truly sorry, Nicholas forgave him.

St. Nicholas, Protector of Sailors

Some years after the famine, with his reputation as a miracle worker spread far and wide, a ship was crossing the sea to Asia Minor, when a terrible storm arose. The waves were so high that the ship took in a lot of water, the sails were torn to shreds, and the mast was swept away. The sailors, who were very afraid, called on Nicholas to help them. Suddenly the ship became steady, and when the sailors next looked at the helm they saw a stranger there. The stranger guided the ship safely through the storm until they reached Asia Minor, now Turkey, and then he disappeared.

The men went to the Cathedral at Myra, where Nicholas was celebrating Mass, to give thanks for their deliverance. But when they saw Nicholas they realized that he was the unknown helmsman who had guided them to safety. They fell on their knees and gave thanks for this miracle, and Nicholas blessed them and spoke to them. They remembered his words for the rest of their lives, and that is why all sailors now have Nicholas as their patron saint.

A gross miracle of St. Nicholas

Three small children were gleaning wheat in the fields. As they worked and played, they wandered off into the town. Walking about and exploring, the children forgot the time.

 

When it was late and the sun was going down, the children were hungry, tired and lost. They came to a lighted butcher’s shop, knocked and said, “We are lost and hungry. May we eat and sleep here?” “Oh, yes,” came the reply, “do come in.”

 

As they entered , the butcher took a sharp knife, cut them up, and put them in a large salting tub. Seven years pass.

 

There was a knock at the door and Bishop Saint Nicholas appeared, saying to the evil butcher, “Open your large salting tub!” The saint put his hand on the tub and, appealing to God, said, “Rise up, children.” The little children woke and stood up. Their families joyfully welcome them home.

 

Ever since St. Nicholas has been the patron and protector of children.

St. Nicholas and the famine in Myra

The people of Myra were suffering from famine, One day a ship loaded with grain, but on its way to Constantinople, sailed into the harbour. When the people saw it they asked the captain if he could let them have some corn. But he refused, telling them that his cargo had been carefully weighed, and that his masters would know if he gave any away. But then Nicholas went to him and said: “If you help these hungry people, God will see that you do not lose any of your corn.” The captain then gave Nicholas some sacks of corn, which he distributed among the people.

 

When the ship arrived at Constantinople and the corn was weighed, not an ounce was missing. But the corn that the captain had left behind at Myra lasted for years, for some of it was sown in the fields, and there was plenty for everybody.

The celebration of Nicholas’ consecration and a miracle

All the people of the city wanted to join in the festivities of Nicholas’ consecration as Bishop of Myra. There was one young mother who was about to bathe her baby when she heard the ringing of the cathedral bells. Quickly she put her best dress on and ran to the church, but in her excitement she forgot about her little baby, who was still in the bathtub. In those days, water for a bath was heated by placing the filled bathtub over a low fire.

 

There was a great assembly of priests and bishops at the altar of the cathedral, and the bishops all laid their hands upon Nicholas and that made him a bishop. The young mother, filled with reverence, joined all the people in singing the hymns of praise. She still did not think about her baby whom she had left at home.

 

As she entered the house, smoke and steam overwhelmed her, and suddenly she remembered her baby. In terror, imagining him burned to death, she pulled open the door, only to find him sitting in the bath, very happy and quite unharmed. She picked him up and embraced him, and then she knelt down to thank God that Nicholas had saved her baby’s life.

How Nicholas became bishop of Myra

Not long after Nicholas return from his pilgrimage, it happened that the Bishop of Myra died. The people said that the first man to enter the church the next morning was to be their new bishop. As usual Nicholas arose very early and went to the church. The people waiting there, saw him and said: “Nicholas is to be our new bishop, it is the will of God!”

 

Though Nicholas has thought of living a life of solitude, he decided it would be wrong to ignore what had just happened. So Nicholas accepted the will of the people and on the day of his consecration there were great celebrations in Myra.

Delivered from the storm, Nicholas raises a fellow sailor, and the Holy Land

The merriment of the deliverance from the storm and their comfort, however, was dampened by grief over a fellow sailor’s death. As Nicholas prayed over the dead sailor, he was revived, “as if he had only been asleep.” The man awakened without pain and the ship finished the journey to the Holy Land. Nicholas then embarked on his pilgrimage to the holy places, walking where Jesus had walked. One night he wanted to pray at the only church remaining at the time in Jerusalem, the Church of the Room of the Last Supper on Mount Zion.* As he approached the heavy, locked doors, they swung open of their own accord, allowing him to enter the church. Nicholas fell to the ground in thanksgiving. Before returning to Lycia, he visited the Holy Sepulchre, Golgotha, Bethlehem, and many other holy sites.

St. Nicholas, Priest, Gift Giver, and Prayer

When Nicholas was a young man, his parents died, and left him a large fortune, and he made it his business to give it away. Not all at once in one big lump, but in his own way.

He would ride through town in the night throwing a little bag of gold pieces through a window or a doorway. For years Nicholas did this, seeking out those who had the most need; a father who needed money, a farmer who needed a new ox, a widow who needed food for her children. He would see to it that they got the gold to take care of their needs.

Nicholas gave presents to children that weren’t really needed, but it made their eyes sparkle with joy, and their feet jump up and down. He gave them fruits and nuts and clothing and candy.

When all of the money was given away, Nicholas said, “Now I can become a priest, and give away more than money.”

The first thing Nicholas did once he became a priest was to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and had to do this by boat. On the 2nd day out, when he was still trying not to be sea sick, a ferocious storm grabbed the boat and tossed it about on the waves like an empty cracker box. The old captain, who had weathered many storms, had never seen a tempest such as this. He and the crew grabbed onto anything fastened down and held on for dear life. Nicholas knelt down on the tilting deck, raised his eyes to heaven, and prayed that all would be saved.

“I’ve only just begun Lord, and I have so much to do!” Nicholas prayed. The captain yelled above the roar of the wind, “What good are prayers now? Don’t waste your breath; I’m going to tie you to the mast before you are swept over… just then the waves stopped churning and the sun began to shine so brightly that it made rainbows in the drops of water everywhere. I said, “You see, nothing is ever past praying for.”

Sante Claus, Clement C. Moore, and Thomas Nast

The 19th century was a time of cultural transition. New York writers, and others, wanted to domesticate the Christmas holiday. After Puritans and other Calvinists had eliminated Christmas as a holy season, popular celebrations became riotous, featuring drunken men and public disorder. Christmas of old was not the images we imagine of families gathered cozily around hearth and tree exchanging pretty gifts and singing carols while smiling benevolently at children. Rather, it was characterized by raucous, drunken mobs roaming streets, damaging property, threatening and frightening the upper classes. The Holiday season, coming after harvest was eased and more leisure possible, was a time when workers and servants took the upper hand, demanding gifts, generosity, and more. Through the first half of the 19th century, Presbyterians, Baptists, Quakers, Catholics, Episcopalians and others continued to regard December 25th as a day without religious significance, often in very strong language. Industrialists were happy to reduce workers’ leisure time and allowed many fewer holidays than existed in Europe.

All of this began to change as a new understanding of family life and the place of children was emerging. Childhood was coming to be seen as a stage of life in which greater protection, sheltering, training and education were needed. And so the season came gradually to be tamed, turning toward shops and home. St. Nicholas, too, took on new attributes to fit the changing times.

1821 brought some new elements with publication of the first lithographed book in America, the Children’s Friend. This “Sante Claus” arrived from the North in a sleigh with a flying reindeer. The anonymous poem and illustrations proved pivotal in shifting imagery away from a saintly bishop. This Sante Claus rewarded good behavior and punished bad, leaving a “long, black birchen rod . . . directs a Parent’s hand to use when virtue’s path his sons refuse.” Gifts were safe toys, “pretty doll . . . peg-top, or a ball; no crackers, cannons, squibs, or rockets to blow their eyes up, or their pockets. No drums to stun their Mother’s ear, nor swords to make their sisters fear; but pretty books to store their mind with knowledge of each various kind.” The sleigh itself even sported a bookshelf for the “pretty books.” The book also notably marked Santa Claus’ first appearance on Christmas Eve, rather than December 6th.

The jolly elf image received another big boost in 1823, from a poem destined to become immensely popular, “A Visit from St. Nicholas,” by Clement C. Moore and illustrated by Thomas Nast, now better known as “The Night Before Christmas.”

He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot,
And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot;
A bundle of toys he had flung on his back,
And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.

His eyes—how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!
His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry!
His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,
And the beard of his chin was as white as the snow;

The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,
And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath;
He had a broad face and a little round belly,
That shook, when he laughed like a bowlful of jelly.

He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf. . . .

St. Nicholas comes to America, beginning his transition to Santa

The first Europeans to arrive in the New World brought St. Nicholas. Vikings dedicated their cathedral to him in Greenland. On his first voyage, Columbus named a Haitian port for St. Nicholas on December 6, 1492. In Florida, Spaniards named an early settlement St. Nicholas Ferry, now known as Jacksonville. However, St. Nicholas had a difficult time during the 16th century Protestant Reformation which took a dim view of saints. Even though both reformers and counter-reformers tried to stamp out St. Nicholas-related customs, because the common people so loved St. Nicholas, he survived on the European continent as people continued to place nuts, apples, and sweets in shoes left beside beds, on windowsills, or before the hearth.

Although it is almost universally believed that the Dutch brought St. Nicholas to New Amsterdam, scholars find scant evidence of such traditions in Dutch New Netherland. Colonial Germans in Pennsylvania kept the feast of St. Nicholas, and several later accounts have St. Nicholas visiting New York Dutch on New Years’ Eve, thus adopting the English custom.

After the American Revolution, New Yorkers remembered with pride their colony’s nearly-forgotten Dutch roots. John Pintard, the influential patriot and antiquarian who founded the New York Historical Society in 1804, promoted St. Nicholas as patron saint of both society and city. In January 1809, Washington Irving (Author of Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle) joined the society and on St. Nicholas Day that same year, he published the satirical fiction, Knickerbocker’s History of New York, with numerous references to a jolly St.Nicholas character. This was not the saintly bishop, rather an elfin Dutch burgher (A Citizen of a town or city, typically a member of the wealthy bourgeoisie) with a clay pipe. These delightful flights of imagination are the source of the New Amsterdam St. Nicholas legends: that the first Dutch emigrant ship had a figurehead of St. Nicholas; that St. Nicholas Day was observed in the colony; that the first church was dedicated to him; and that St. Nicholas comes down chimneys to bring gifts. Irving’s work was regarded as the “first notable work of imagination in the New World.”

 

The New York Historical Society held its first St. Nicholas anniversary dinner on December 6, 1810. John Pintard commissioned artist Alexander Anderson to create the first American image of Nicholas for the occasion. Nicholas was shown in a gift-giving role with children’s treats in stockings hanging at a fireplace.

Alexander Anderson’s accompanying poem is below:

Saint Nicholas, good holy man!
Put on the Tabard (a coarse sleeveless garment worn as the outer dress of medieval peasants and clerics), best you can,
Go, clad therewith, to Amsterdam,
From Amsterdam to Hispanje (Spain),
Where apples bright of Oranje (Orange),
And likewise those granate (Garnet, red) surnamed,
Roll through the streets, all free unclaimed.

Saint Nicholas, my dear good friend,
To serve you ever is my end,
If you will, now, me something give,
I’ll serve you ever while I live.

 

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